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Improving accuracy of SpO2 in children with chronic hypoxemia by buccal reflectance pulse oximetry
Hypoxia Oximetry Child Skin pigmentation Oxyhemoglobin Mouth Mucosa Vasoconstriction Perfusion Heart Defects, congenital Chemotherapy technology
Pulse oximetry technology estimates arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO2) using a light source and a sensor. Simplistically, it calculates the oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) based on the total fixed vs pulsatile red and infrared light. The most common type is the transmission pulse oximeter which wraps around a finger, toe or ear. Another type is the reflectance pulse oximeter...
Development of an infection-resistant Hemodialysis access graft
Background: End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a chronic condition best treated with a kidney transplant, but due to the limited availability of transplantable organs, most patients end up on dialysis, most commonly hemodialysis (HD). According to the United States Renal Data System (USRDS), the number of people on dialysis in the US in 2018 was...
Improving arterial bleeding cessation by modulating thrombus formation
How to quickly stop arterial bleeding is one of the most important survival issues. Surprisingly, our current understanding of the platelet-mediated thrombus formation is primarily based on models in which the blood vessel wall remains intact and therefore little bleeding occurs. Hence, the existing models, developed to understand inward thrombus growth and arterial plaque formation...
Epigenetic modulation of mesenchymal stem cells as therapeutic interventions for osteoarthritis
Stem cells Epigenetics Mesenchymal Stem Cells Osteoarthritis Osteochondral defect Regenerative Medicine Chondrogenesis Differentiation
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory and degenerative joint and cartilage disease affecting millions of adults worldwide. It is an unmet clinical need still lacking effective treatments except for pain management and surgical procedures to maintain joint movement, thus. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged with promising potential for cell-based articular cartilage repair, as they secrete...
Delineating dysbiosis-induced multimodal biomarker signatures to optimize precision medicine
Translational Research
Precision or personalized medicine appreciates the significant influence interindividual differences can have on treatment success. Recently, through the use of next-generation proteomic and epigenomic approaches new key carcinogenic and treatment resistance pathways were identified, which led to increasing treatment success in the clinic. Microbial imbalance, or dysbiosis, has systemic and long-lasting deleterious effects on the...
Monoclonal antibody internalization rates as diagnostic indicators for the immunotherapy of cancer
Patient Translational Research
Recent fundamental discoveries within immunology and cancer biology have led to monoclonal antibody (mAb) immunotherapies; transforming the treatment of cancer. Currently, there are more than 25 approved mAb products for use in oncology and more in the late stages of clinical trials. mAbs generally exhibit desirable pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics such as slow clearance and long...
Bone-targeted Pyk2 inhibitor for prevention of bone fragility
bone kinase inhibition bone fragility
Glucocorticoids (GC) in excess, either due to disease or administered as anti-inflammatory agents, are a leading cause of osteoporosis and bone fractures in the United States. Our earlier research identified activation of the kinase Pyk2 (a member of the family of the focal adhesion kinases FAK) as a new mechanism by which GC exert deleterious...